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Reverend Lorenzo Lorraine Langstroth (1810-1895), apiarian, clergyman and teacher, is considered the "Father of American Beekeeping. " He was graduated at Yale University in 1831, and subsequently held a tutorship there in 1834-1835. He took up beekeeping in part to distract himself from the serious bouts of depression from which he suffered. In 1852 Langstroth received a patent on the first movable frame beehive in America. His inventions allowed beekeeping to be more cost effective and practical. He revolutionized the beekeeping industry by using bee space in his top opened hive. His was the first design to have comb that was enclosed on four sides by a wooden frame surrounded by a bee space that allowed for easy removal and reuse of the comb. In 1853, he published Langstroth on the Hive and the Honey-Bee: A Bee Keeper's Manual (1853) which provided practical advice on bee management and, after more than 40 editions, is still in use today. Langstroth on the Honey-Bee was published in 1860. After 1858 he made Oxford, Ohio, his residence, and devoted his time to beekeeping.